Pdf the tannery industry generally uses chrome raw materials in its tanning process. Chemical oxygen demand cod and biological oxygen demand bod are the two main characteristic properties that indicate the strength of sewage. Bod, bod kinetics and cod tests are discussed at length. Mihelcic encyclopedia of life support systems eolss summary biochemical oxygen demand bod is a measure of the dissolved oxygen consumed by microorganisms during the oxidation of reduced substances in waters and wastes. Dec 28, 2015 biochemical oxygen demand bod and chemical oxygen demand pdf slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. This study presents the removal of the leachate components such as chemical oxygen demand cod, biochemical oxygen demand bod, total suspended solid. Multiwave bod, cod, toc, tss sensor i real tech water. Biochemical oxygen demand bod and chemical oxygen demand pdf.
Anything that is labeled steam distilled has gone through a specific process that further cleanses it from unwanted impurities. In this case, the demand for oxygen will be high due to all the bacteria so the bod level will be. What is the relationship between the cod and bod values in. Correlation between bod, cod and toc industrial pollution. Relationship between the cod and bod is in a ratio that a man can not be understood without the other, and found as natural phenomena happened in the water and the activities of living things, to. Extensive observation of the cod and bod levels on the same wastewater has shown that the cod to bod ratio of a particular wastewater will remain constant over time. Use pdf download to do whatever you like with pdf files on the web and regain control. These parameters reflect effect and material characteristics of one or more substances. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Sep 20, 2018 to produce the most accurate results, the sensor manufacture will develop a custom calibration using site specific data.
The most popular sum parameter in waste water analysis are the bod biochemical oxygen demand, cod chemical oxygen demand, tod total oxygen demand and toc total organic carbon. The main difference between bod and cod is that bod is the amount of oxygen which is consumed by bacteria while decomposing organic matter under aerobic conditions whereas cod is the amount of oxygen required for the chemical oxidation of total organic matter in. The bod test is an estimate of the food available in the sample. Printing standard methods for the examination of water and. Both have been widely adopted as a measure of pollution effect. Other related analytical values are biochemical oxygen demand bod, total organic carbon toc, and total oxygen demand tod. The submersible probe provides detection of standard organics parameters including bod, cod, toc and more. In environmental chemistry, the chemical oxygen demand cod is an indicative measure of. In the presence of free oxygen, aerobic bacteria use the organic matter found in wastewater as food. Bod 5 cod and bod 5 cod sol are both consistent and significant as stability indices.
The determination of chemical oxygen demand cod is widely used in municipal and industrial laboratories to measure the overall level of organic contamination in wastewater. Enter bod or cod values into the correlation tool spreadsheet bod or cod mgl column upon receiving the lab results. Biological oxygen demand bod is a measure of the oxygen used by microorganisms to decompose this waste. The mniii ion free or in complex is purple in colour. Monitoring bod, cod and toc with uvvis spectrophotometry. Microbial fuel cells mfcs were designed to treat landfill leachate. Toc or total organic carbon is the measurement of organic carbons. Biological oxygen demand what is biological oxygen demand bod. The ultimate determination of suitability of the water. Web to pdf convert any web pages to highquality pdf. Most applications of cod determine the amount of organic pollutants found in surface water e.
Why is cod bod ratio of sewage is higher than cod bod ratio of standard. Biological oxygen demand 28 ps2829a the bod 5 test is used to measure the potential of wastewater and other waters to deplete the oxygen level of receiving waters. Bod, cod, toc and tod sum parameters in environmental. There is a relationship between bod and cod for each specific sample, but it must be established empirically. Bod and cod are measures of the potential oxygen demand in an. Correlation between biochemical oxygen demand and chemical. Biochemical oxygen demand bod is a measure of the dissolved oxygen consumed by. A biography of the fish that changed the world mark kurlansky walker not a whale, nothing, says a cod fisherman in petty harbor, newfoundland, squinting. The bod analysis is an attempt to simulate by a laboratory. Cod or chemical oxygen demand is the total measurement of all chemicals in the water that can be oxidized. Jun 07, 2017 bod refers to the biochemical oxygen demand and cod is the chemical oxygen demand. Bod analysis is similar in function to chemical oxygen demand cod analysis, in that both measure the amount of organic. If there is a large quantity of organic waste in the water supply, there will also be a lot of bacteria present working to decompose this waste. Water for cod chemical oxygen demand application water.
It is the broad measure of the strength of the organic matter in a waste stream. Cod bod is also used as an indicator of the size of a wastewater treatment plant required for a specific location. Bod and cod water and wastewater books and publications. The chemical oxygen demand cod test is commonly used to indirectly measure the amount of organic compounds in water. Decolorization and removal of cod and bod from raw and biotreated textile dye bath effluent 455 brazilian journal of chemical engineering vol. The biochemical oxygen demand bod determination is an empirical test in which. Difference between bod and cod definition, test method. Pdf study of chemical oxygen demand cod in relation to.
General discussion the biochemical oxygen demand bod determination is an empirical test in which standardized laboratory procedures are used to determine the relative oxygen requirements of wastewaters, ef. University of the free state and university of pretoria respectively and a. Both the parameters test the oxygendemanding strength of the wastewaters. Landfill leachate is generally known as highstrength wastewater that is highly difficult to handle and contains extracted dissolved matter and suspended matter.
The chemical oxygen demand cod is a measure of water and wastewater quality. Study of amount of oxygen bod, od, cod in water and their. The contamination level is determined by measuring the equivalent amount of oxygen required to oxidize organic matter in the sample. Biological oxygen demand bod, also known as biochemical oxygen demand, is a bioassay procedure that measures the dissolved oxygen do consumed by bacteria from the decomposition of organic matter. Pdf on feb 15, 2019, haleem khalaf and others published study of chemical. Cod correlation provides operations, laboratory benefits. Deals with the measurement of organic matter concentration in water and wastewater. Real techs multiwave sa probe sensor offers an affordable and accurate solution for realtime organics monitoring. Further, as part of the ultimate bod measurement, other associated tests like dissolved oxygen and ammonical, nitrate and nitrite forms of nitrogen are also discussed. Are there any free journals available to publish with in 2 months. Bod, chemical oxygen demand cod, total solids ts, chlorides, sulphates, chromium and sludge. Without free dissolved oxygen, streams and lakes become. Custom calibrations are very robust, as they account for unique wastewater characteristics of the specific plant that may influence the bod, cod or toc composition i.
In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. The basic features of cod, bod and their basic differences are explained in this article. Bod refers to the biochemical oxygen demand and cod is the chemical oxygen demand. Organics 2 university of georgia cooperative extension circular 922. Cod often is used as a measurement of pollutants in wastewater and natural waters. Innovox analyzer data and the actual cod measurement comparison chart. Chemical oxygen demand cod vs biological oxygen demand bod. For example, food processing wastewater will generally have a cod. Bod is one of the fundamental concepts in wastewater treatment. Biochemical oxygen demand bod is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed i. Two such challenges are the need to avoid viscosity swings and precipitate out as much calcium as possible to minimize scoring on the rollers in the case of. Measure of the amount of oxygen that can be consumed by reactions in a solution. Reducing bod, cod levels among the more perplexing and costly issues that companies that have corrugators face on a daily basis is the optimal management of starch in their wastewater. The more food present in the waste, the more dissolved oxygen do will be required.
Difference between bod and cod definition, test method and. Throughout the 1800s and the 1900s, bod was exhaustively studied and refined, both as a concept and as an analytical procedure. Bod and cod tests directly measure the amount of oxy. Bod biochemical oxygen demand is supposed to measure the amount of food or organic carbons that bacteria can oxidize. None of the alternatives provide a better assessment of the bioavailability of a waste like the bod test. Correlation between bod, cod and toc 191 exponential equation is fitted for the observed behaviour of bod as a function of cod. Biochemical oxygen demand bod 2 option for the source water is to purchase it. Both the bod and cod tests are measure of relative oxygendepletion effect of waste contaminant. Standardization of bod 5 cod ratio as a biological stability. Dec 16, 2015 deals with the measurement of organic matter concentration in water and wastewater. Bod is used to identify sources of organic pollution in river networks. Since the introduction of the closedreflux micro method in the early 1980s, cod analysis has become increasingly used at municipal wastewater treatment plants for process monitoring and to aid in process control.
Carbovis 701 iq uvvis sensor for insitu measurement of cod, toc, doc, bod, sac and uvt in the influent, aeration and effluent of municipal wastewater treatment plants. Highlights bod 5 cod on eluate of leaching test to assess the biological stability of waste. The test is also used to examine influents and effluents from wastewater processing facilities to. An ebook reader can be a software application for use on a computer such as microsofts free reader application, or a booksized computer this is used solely as a reading device such as nuvomedias rocket ebook. The bod test measures the oxygen demand biodegradable pollutants whereas the cod tests measure the oxygen.