Foundations of second language acquisition 9 even just among these four numerically dominant languages, there is great variance. The role of the l1 grammar in the l2 acquisition of. The role of the first language in foreign language. Students already have previous knowledge of language l1. Similarities and differences between l1 and l2fl acquisition. Common misconceptions about language acquisition introduction language acquisition is a subject about which most people have opinions. Despite the importance and difficulty of synonymy, there has not been much research on l2 learning of synonyms except for a couple of studies on errors in l2 synonym use martin 1984.
What is the difference between first language l1 and second. Frieda uni y ersity of alabama at birmingham, birmingham, al 3 5 2 9 4 0 0 1 9, u. The l2 sequences involve some utterances which on the surface match certain phenomena familiar from l1 developmental sequences. First, both l1 and l2 learners can access formal features such as definite, specific, or singular from the universal inventory. Schedule comparing l1 and l2 acquisition the role of the native language in l2 acquisition the critical period hypothesis student presentation nonlinguistic factors of l2 acquisition student presentation. A study of l1 norwegian speakers knowledge of syntax and morphology in l2 english isabel nadine jensen, roumyana slabakova,1and marit westergaard. Learning a second language in an efl context requires both students and teachers to cooperate efficiently and resourcefully. Adult l2 acquisition is very similar to child l1 acquisition as some researchers such as dulay, burt and krashen 1982 argued, and in this process l1 background of learners does not have any effect on l2.
L1 and l2 acquisition free download as powerpoint presentation. The influence of l1 translation familiarity in the l2. After all, everyone has learned a language, many people have watched their own children learn their native language, and many have engaged in second language learning whether successfully or not. The results of an experiment suggest that the metric. Thats why the transfer of l1 rules can lead to fossilization. In postpuberty sla individuals make mistakes which are often random and erratic, though a degree of regularity can be recognised here. Results of this experiment, like those of previous experiments testing the interface hypothesis. On the l2 acquisition of the morphosyntax of german nominals1. A study evaluating the role of the l1 in the l2 acquisition of. A brief comparison page 2 of 2 think consciously about how to move the pieces. The effects of l1 and l2 group discussions on l2 reading comprehension blake turnbull kyoto university japan moyra sweetnam evans university of otago new zealand abstract the aim of this study was to explore the effects of postreading group discussions in both first l1 and second l2 languages on l2 reading comprehension.
Implication of il fossilization in second language acquisition. In the past decade, research in generative second language l2 acquisition has focused primarily. What similarities and differences are there in the two processes. Secondlanguage acquisition sla, secondlanguage learning, or l2 language 2 acquisition, is the process by which people learn a second language. Other l2 structures have no surface parallel to l1 and seem to be based on prior l1 knowledge.
The relationship between how people learn their first language l1 and how they learn their second language l2 and subsequent languages has concerned second language acquisition sla research ever since it became an independent discipline see stern, 1967. Adult language acquisition typically falls far short of native like competence. L1 influence occurs primarily due to transfer of structures from the l1 to the l2. Language acquisition and clt crucial differences between l1 and l2 acquisition robert oneill april 1998 a great deal of what is called communicative language teaching is based on what is essentially a nativist view of second language l2 acquisition. The importance of l1 in l2 acquisition lenguas vivas. Third language acquisition tla, crosslinguistic influence cli, typological distance and l2 status. Input is crucial in l1 acquisition children generally more successful than adults in l2 speech learning children receive more andor better l2 input than adults although differences not yet quantified the perceived unimportance of input by manymost l2 researchers is to me, at least, surprising. Transfer which facilitates acquisition is referred to as positive, and has been. Therefore, the view that there is one universal developmental sequence for the acquisition of a language irrespective of whether it is acquired as l1 or l2 is inaccurate. Get an answer for what is the difference between first language l1 and second language l2. Several models have been posited to describe l2 morphological processing.
Assistant professor of teacher education, elt department, faculty of education, anadolu university, turkey email. To be specific, second language acquisition sla is the common term for the name of the discipline. Case inflection is common in russian and in finnish but nonexistent in chinese. Pdf processes in l1 and l2 acquisition larissa berti.
The similarities and differences between l1 and l2 acquisition and the significance for second language pedagogy in jamaica. Universal grammar and its effect on l1 and l2 acquisition gonca subas. Speed of progress through the stages depends on level of. Pdf interference of first language in the acquisition of. L1 and l2 word recognition in finnish studies in second. Contemporary linguists and educators commonly use the term l1 to refer to a first or native language, and the term l2 to refer to a second language or a foreign language thats being studied. By referring to the current theories of second language.
Below is a summary of previous research, with emphasis on the. These developmental sequences differ according to the childs prior l1 knowledge. A continuing theme has been whether people acquire a second language in the same way as a first. The effects of l1 and l2 group discussions on l2 reading. Pdf a contrastive study of l1 and l2 acquisition omid. Proponents of the fundamental difference hypothesis between l1 and l2 assume that l1 development can be explained with reference to universal grammar ug which, in their view, is inaccessible to l2 learners. L1 and l2 in most of the roles of the l1 that we have looked at, there is the common theme that the l1 provides a familiar and effective way of quickly getting to grips with the meaning and. Native language influence during second language acquisition. Selective attention and transfer phenomena in l2 acquisition.
With sla there can be interference from the first language, i. The difference between l1 and l2 acquisition is that in l1 acquisition, all functional categories are assembled feature by feature, for. L1 words are treated as the bridge to connect the concept to l2 word form. Attitudes of iranian university students mustafa nazary abstract. Raymond hickey first and second language acquisition. In china alone, a recent estimate of numbers of people studying english exceeds 155 mil. Interference of first language in the acquisition of second language. Macwhinney, 2005 predicts l1 l2 transfer, whereas processability theory pienemann, 1998 posits a universal hierarchy in l2 acquisition regardless of the l1. Lets start with the definitions of sla, l1, l2, and language transfer and so on. Evidence from l1 forgetting and l2 acquisition ludmila isurin ohio state university 1. The process of first language acquisition called l1 acquisition has been studied extensively, and the process is important for the theories of. Second language acquisition students learning a second language go through five stages. Cook 2000 linguistics and second language acquisition. Evaluating the role of the l1 in the l2 acquisition of aspect.
Contingency, cue competition, salience, interference, overshadowing, blocking, and perceptual learning nick c. Comparing l1 and l2 acquisition the role of the native language in l2 acquisition the critical period hypothesis student presentation nonlinguistic factors of l2 acquisition student presentation krashons monitor model of l2 acquisition. So, it appears that in comparison to monolingual l1 learning, acquiring two languages. Laufer 1991 and one on the use of corpus data to assist synonym learning yeh et al. Various theories are put forward to describe first language l1 acquisition and second language l2 acquisition. The field of secondlanguage acquisition is a subdiscipline of applied linguistics, but also receives research attention from a variety of other. Secondlanguage acquisition is also the scientific discipline devoted to studying that process. Comparing and contrasting first and second language. Since the ca is known, it can be digitally removed.
Child l2adult l2 acquisition compared for the purposes of the present paper, a child l2er will be defined as a second language learner who was first exposed to the l2 between the ages of 4. Given the deprived condition of l2 vocabulary acquisition in the present study, learners have to rely mostly on l1 translations to mediate their learning. Based on l1 phonological acquisition and infant speech perception research,a model of phonological interference is developed which explains how the influence of the l1 phonology originates and identifies the level of phonological knowledge that impinges upon l2 acquisition. In order to understand the nature of l1 and l2 language acquisition, various aspects were examined, compared, and contrasted. Affective filter hypothesis it considers the role for acquisition of several factors, such as motivation, selfconfidence or anxiety. Certainly, other proponents of the fdh are quite explicit in their assumption that one should compare l2 learners and native speakers with respect to ug properties.
An unconscious activity, apart from language, acquired in childhood would, for instance, be the ability to ride a bicycle. Crucial differences between first and second language. Briefly, sla refers to the second language acquisition. Introduction the bottleneck hypothesis slabakova, 2008. Principles of the global positioning system, lecture 7. The role of input in second language l2 speech learning. Acquisition of overt and null pronoun interpretation in l2 japanese marisa nagano1 1. Aug 31, 2018 the process of first language acquisition called l1 acquisition has been studied extensively, and the process is important for the theories of second language acquisition called l2 acquisition. Similarities and differences between l1 and l2 acquisition. L1 during second language l2 acquisition, and this crosslinguistic influence depends on the structural relationship between the two languages. May 28, 2010 second language acquisition students learning a second language go through five stages. What are the similarities between l2 learning and l1 acquisition. The relationship between first and second language acquisition.
The effects of l1 and l2 group discussions on l2 reading comprehension 5 reading in a foreign language 291 social, humanitarian, and commonsensical ones p. A second language is any language that a person uses other than a first or native language. These l2 developmental sequences need not be completely identical to the respective first language l1 sequences. Positive transfer refers to that the similarities shared by the l1 and l2 help second language acquisition. It is also believed that the role of l1 in the l2 depends on some similarities and differences between the two languages. This study aimed to give a comprehensive and all out analysis of the processes and aspects involved in first and second language acquisition and learning since this may cause a better selection of the teaching materials, methodologies, techniques. Abstract this study investigates the interpretation of japanese overt 3rd person pronouns by advanced l1 english l2 japanese speakers. A study of l1 norwegian speakers knowledge of syntax and morphology in l2 english isabel nadine jensen, roumyana slabakova,1and marit westergaard 1. L1 and l2 word order acquisition 25 indirect, prediction is that if there is a delay, there should be a plausible independent factor explaining it. Pdf the similarities and differences between l1 and l2. Prevailing teaching approaches tend to affect whether teachers view the l1 as useful or not in the l2 learning process. Chapter 2 foundations of second language acquisition. Learning in l1 doesnt hinder, but helps learningof l2 e.
Introduction the purpose of the present study was to bring together the evidence on possible crosslinguistic. What is the difference between first language l1 and. Acquisition of overt and null pronoun interpretation in l2. Similarities and differences between l1 and l2fl acquisition conceptual objective. Typological distance and l2 status and ii how these factors determine the activation of l1 or l2 in the learners mind when acquiring the l3. These factors foster or impede acquisition, though they do not produce acquisition. Chinese is an l1 for many more people than any other language, and english is by far the most common l2. This lends support to psycholinguistic research in the mental lexicon process of l2, that word representations in both l1 and l2 are activated simultaneously libben, 2000.
Developmental sequences in naturalistic l2 acquisition. Amount of nativelanguage l1 use af fects the pronunciation of an l2 james emil flege and elaina m. Abstract this study investigates the interpretation of japanese overt 3rd person pronouns by advanced l1englishl2japanese speakers. Results from these comparisons and contrasts have valuable implications for language teachers which can. Saenboon 2010 gives the last word up to the moment compiling all this information. Instead, they claim that a second language develops on the basis of language processing strategies. The interference of first language and second language.